Use of 2.7 telescopes, ear instrumentation, contact diode laser, and Skeeter stapes microdrill do open bilateral atretic plate in premies or very low-weight newborns

Unilateral (uncommon) or bilateral choanal atresia (mixed or osseous in type)

Concurrent medical condition that avoid surgery at day 1-2 of age, very low anterior skull base, no consent from parents

stapes surgery table, skeeter, cottonoids, small 0 and 30 deg telescopes

HRCT of head, complete workup to exclude CHARGE condition. If confirmed, adequate preop treatment/measures

middle turbinate, anterior skull base, palate, rhinopharynx, sphenopalatine plate, orientation of atretic plate

anterior endoscopic approach, bloodless, rapid procedure, possibility to avoid stenting, feasible even in 1.8 kgs premies

bleeding, restenosis, lesions to skull base

bleeding, restenosis, lesions to skull base

nursing and scrub staff at Vicenza Pediatric ENT