Single Stage Laryngotracheal Reconstruction with Anterior Cartilage Graft
Video Type: CVideo- 2-5 min videos of a particular surgery or technique. These again show major events in the surgery
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Author: Michael Yim
Published:
Specialties: Otolaryngology, Pediatric Surgery
Schools: Baylor College of Medicine





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Contributors: Deepak Mehta
This video describes how to perform a single stage laryngotracheal reconstruction with an anterior rib cartilage graft for pediatric subglottic stenosis
DOI# http://dx.doi.org/10.17797/tlyp0bs94k
Authors Recruited By: Deepak Metha
Procedure
Single stage laryngotracheal reconstruction with anterior rib cartilage graft
Indications
For pediatric patients with intermediate grade subglottic stenosis (typically grade 2 or 3) who either have a pre-existing tracheotomy or who have undergone prior interventions such as balloon dilation with persistent area of stenosis. This procedure is ideal for patients with an uncomplicated clinical history and without any significant medical co-morbidities
Contraindications
Other significant co-existing airway obstruction, reactive or edematous larynx, uncontrolled GERD or laryngopharyngeal reflux, presence of eosinophilic esophagitis
Instrumentation
Setup
The rib and neck are prepped and draped as two separate surgical fields. The rib harvest must be done under sterile conditions whereas the neck is considered a clean-contaminated field. A separate direct laryngoscopy setup with telescope and camera is situated at the head of the bed for use throughout the case.
Preoperative Workup
The patient's history must be reviewed and if a tracheotomy is already present the indication for that trach being placed should be examined. The presence of other pulmonary co-morbidities, usage of supplemental oxygen at baseline, and adequate pulmonary clearance with a good cough are vital pre-requisites to a successful operation. Other considerations include feeding tube dependency, oral aversion, neurological dis-coordination, preoperative vocal quality and presence of other anatomical defects.
Anatomy and Landmarks
It is important to understand the length of the area of stenosis on direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy and (if present) its relation to the tracheostomy site. This will determine the length of the cartilage graft necessary to open up the airway.
Advantages/Disadvantages
By performing a single stage procedure the patient is able to avoid having a tracheotomy at the end of the case. The airway is typically stented with an endotracheal tube in the immediate postoperative period and the patient is then extubated in the OR within the first week following the initial procedure. This is in contrast to a double stage reconstruction where the patient has a tracheotomy following reconstruction and airway stenting is done with a stand alone laryngeal stent for 3-4 weeks.
Complications/Risks
In the immediate postoperative period the patient requires expert ICU level care and adequate sedation in order to allow for appropriate airway healing. Also, as there is no tracheostomy present there is potential for a tenuous airway following extubation.
Disclosure of Conflicts
In the immediate postoperative period the patient requires expert ICU level care and adequate sedation in order to allow for appropriate airway healing. Also, as there is no tracheostomy present there is potential for a tenuous airway following extubation.
Acknowledgements
References
Our Partners
Grace Medical – Bryan Medical – American Pediatric Surgical Association – American Association of Surgical Physician Assistants – American Pediatric Surgical Nurses Association – International Association of Student Surgical Societies – International Journal of Medical Students – InciSion – Global Surgery Student Alliance – National Surgery Association – Women in Surgical Education – Australasian Students’ Surgical Association – Surgeon Masters – Physicians for Peace – The Physician’s Edge – MultiLearning Group
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Associations
American Pediatric Surgical Association American Association of Surgical Physician Assistants American Pediatric Surgical Nurses Association International Association of Student Surgical Societies Global Surgery Student Alliance National Surgery Association Australasian Students’ Surgical Association MultiLearning Group
Home Page Video Credit
Airman 1st Class Kirsten Brandes | Date Taken: 03/30/2017
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